How our brains work?

1. What does the word "hemisphere" refer to when talking about the brain?
Are two different region of the eutherian brain. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter called the cerebral cortex that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. Each hemisphere does a different job, without hemisphere the other one wouldn´t knew anything about it.
2. What are the major differences between the left and right sides of the brain?
- It is divided into two hemispheres connected by a thick band of nerve fibers which sends messages back and forth between the hemispheres. And while brain research confirms that both sides of the brain are involved in nearly every human activity, we do know that the left side of the brain is the seat of language and processes in a logical and sequential order. The right side is more visual and processes intuitively, holistically, and randomly.
3. What is the corpus collasum?
- is a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication. It is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of 200–250 million contralateral axonal projections.
4. Explain the study performed by Paul Broca in which he discovered "Broca's Area."
- The discovery of Broca's area revolutionized the understanding of speech production. New research has found that dysfunction in the area may lead to other speech disorders such as stuttering and apraxia of speech. Recent anatomical neuroimaging studies have shown that the pars opercularis of Broca's area is anatomically smaller in individuals who stutter whereas the pars triangularis appears to be normal.
5. Explain the study conducted by Roger Sperry in regard to "split brain."
- ¨ Split-brain is a lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree. The surgical operation to produce this condition is called corpus callosotomy and is usually used as a last resort to treat intractable epilepsy. Initially, partial callosotomies are performed; if this operation does not succeed, a complete callosotomy is performed to mitigate the risk of accidental physical injury by reducing the severity and violence of epileptic seizures. Prior to callosotomies, epilepsy is treated through pharmaceutical means.¨

6. Explain the study conducted by Karl Wernicke which led to the discovery of Wernicke's Area."
- ¨is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex linked since the late nineteenth century to speech (the other is the Broca's area). It is involved in the understanding of written and spoken language. It is traditionally considered to consist of the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant cerebral hemisphere (which is the left hemisphere in about 90% of people).¨

7. Which lobe is most responsible for vision?
- occipital lobe.
8. Which lobe is most responsible for hearing and language?
- Tempoal lobe.
9. Which lobe is most responsible for performing math calculations?
- Frontal lobe.
10. Which lobe is most responsible for judgment, reasoning and impulse control?
- Frontal lobe.
Bibliography: - http://frank.mtsu.edu/~studskl/hd/hemis.html
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-brain
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke's_area